>> Journal The Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science is published annually. For each issue an editorial team is constituted by the Dean. The editorial team for the incoming issue (Volume-30)  has been recently formed as follows: Editorial Board   Dr. Naba Raj Devkota Editor-in-Chief Dr. Madhav Kumar Shrestha Member Dr. Moha Dutta Sharma Member Dr. Dharma Raj Dangol Member Dr. Punya Prasad Regmi Member Dr. Madhav Prasad Pandey Member     Editorial Policy In general, the IAAS Journal accepts articles for publication year-round. However, the editorial board shall announce call for articles for each issue defining a deadline. Each article submitted must go through the peer reviewing process and the editorial board shall make the final decision for publication. Review articles will be invited by the editorial board. The submitted article whether accepted for publication or not will not be returned back.    Contact Address: Editor-in-Chief Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan Nepal  E-mail: journal@iaas.edu.np Guidelines to Author Manuscript format: All contents in the manuscript must be written in English. Before submission, manuscripts should be reviewed critically by two peer reviewers or colleagues and revised accordingly. Manuscripts should be neatly typed, double-spaced (including tables and references) on quarter size white bond paper, with a 4 cm margin at the top, bottom and left side. Words to be typed in italics should be marked with a single underline. The first (title) page should contain only the title of the paper, author(s) name, and institution(s) where the research was conducted. In case of multiple authorship, the name and address of one author should be identified for correspondence. The manuscript should be arranged in the following sequence from the next page. Title of the paper, Abstract, Key words, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (Results and Discussion), conclusion, Acknowledgements, References cited, Tables, Figures, and Figure captions. Number each page in the paper right hand corner starting second page. The maximum length of the paper must be limited to 20 pages, including tables, graphs and literature citation. Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal. Title: The title should be short, specific, and informative. It should be phrased to identify the content of the article and include the nature of the study and the technical approach, which will be essential for key words indexing and information records. Abstract: It should start on a new page. The abstract should be a concise (usually not exceeding 200 words) and contain a brief account of the objectives, materials and methods, results, and main conclusions. The name of any plant or animal appearing for the first time in the abstract should be given its scientific name in the brackets. It should not have any references, tables, etc. Keywords: A list of 3 to 5 words for additional index words, not used in the title, follows the abstract. Include species (common and scientific name), chemicals and physiological and pathological terms. Introduction: It should start on a new page. In this section, background information, relevant review of literature (if any) and the objective of the research should be given.  Statements must be supported by citations whenever possible and often general statements are discouraged. Materials and Methods: Detail information on relevant materials and methods used including sampling methods, experimental design, treatments, plot size and any other techniques used in research as well as the year and place of conducting the research should be provided. Where methods used are already well known and the references are available within the country, the citation of a reference or the name of the method is sufficient. The statistical methods used should be clearly mentioned. Results and Discussion: The results and discussion may be presented separately or combined. The results should be supported by a brief but adequate data in the form of either tables, or graphic or pictorial materials. However, the same data should not be presented in more than one form. All weights and measures should be in metric system. The discussion should be related to the author (s)' findings supported by similar work. Conclusion and Recommendation: Although no separate leading of 'conclusion and recommendation' need be given, the subject should form a separate paragraph at the end of discussion. Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements, if any, be given to institutions, funding agencies, and the key person(s). References: Citations of references should be listed alphabetically by family names of author. Use of anonymous should be avoided. Citations in the text should be referred by author's family name and year. The issue number of the journal (in parenthesis, immediately following the volume) should be provided only if pagination is not continuous within a given volume. The following examples should be adopted: Example: Book: Single Author: Shrestha, M.K. 2002. Aquaculture systems in Nepal. Kathmandu, Sajha Prakashan, 180p. Multiple Authors: Shrestha, M.K., D.K. Jha and S.Rai. 2002. Fisheries research in Nepal, Kathmandu, TU. Press, 210p. Work in an Edited collection: Pande, G.K. 2002. Factors affecting chemical constituents of apple, In: D.D. Dhakal and D.M. Gautam (Eds.). Fundamental of Horticulture, pp. 120-140, Kathmandu, TU Press. Magazine Article: Devkota, D. 2001, July. Women and their role in development. Business women, 12,30-45. Journal: Sharma, M.D. and B.B. Webster. 2002. Seed and pod set of red kidney beans. J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci. 11:87-89. Proceedings: Sharma, R.C. 2001. Agriculture without farmers? A challenge for the next century.  pp, 1-36. In: N.R. Devkota, S.B. Karmacharya, P.P. Regmi and M.S. Shrestha (eds.). Environment and Agriculture, Ecological society (Ecos), Nepal. Bulletin: Ghimire, A.J., F.S. Howlett, and E.H. Emment. 2001. Factors affecting apple hardness and methods of measuring resistance of tissue to low temperature injury. Ohio Agric.Expt. Sta. Res. Bull. 901. Thesis: Timsina, K. 2002. Effects of shade to the understory forages. M.Sc. thesis (unpublished), Tribhuvan University, Nepal, P.170. Electronic Source: Society for Technical Communication. 2003. Retrieved April 21, 2002, from http://www.stc.org Document on web site with an author:           Locker, K.O. 2001. The history of the association of business. Retrieved April 21, 2002, fro, the Association for Business Communication, web site: http://www.theabc.org/history.html Publication on CD-ROM:        Money 99, 2002. [CD-ROM]. Redmond, WA. Microsoft Tables: Keep the number of table to a minimum. Type each table, double-spaced, on a separate page. Number each table with Arabic numbers (e.g. Table 1,2,3). The title, column and row headings, and footnotes of each table should be self-explanatory. Use a single asterisk (*) for 5% level, and a double asterisk (**) for 1% level of significance. Figures and Photographs: Line drawing should be clearly drawn in black waterproof ink (Indian ink) on good quality transparent paper. Photographs should be large (reduce if larger than 17´25 cm), unmounted, glossy dark prints of good quality. They should be clear and relevant to the subject referred. The legends to the figures and photographs should be supplied on separate page after the referred citation. Identify all graphs and photographs with Arabic numerals (e.g. Fig. 1,2,3). Others: Headings: Centre and capitalize the main heading of the paper. Sub-heads should be on a separate line and capitalize the first letter of the first word. Scientific names: The scientific name must be italic and given with authority. The first letter of the word(s) of the cultivar or breed must be capitalized. Trade or brand name: Capitalize the first letter of trade or brand names. Abbreviations: Always use abbreviations for standard units such as gram (g), kilogram (kg), metric ton (t), milliliter (mL), liter (L), centimeter (cm), meter (m), and kilometer (km). Periods: Do not put periods after the title and key words. Periods are necessary at the end of table and figure headings.